Jupyter: python 2.7 Kernel Dying -

i trying use jupyter safari on mac access ec2 ami w/gpu. able connect jupyter on aws instance runnning ubuntu 14.04 lts. however, kernel dies when try use python.

ubuntu@ip-10-0-1-15:~$ jupyter --version 4.1.0 ubuntu@ip-10-0-1-15:~$ python --version python 2.7.11 :: anaconda custom (64-bit)  ubuntu@ip-10-0-1-15:~$ ps -ef | grep python ubuntu    3921  2952  0 17:08 pts/4    00:00:01 /home/ubuntu/anaconda/bin/pytho /home/ubuntu/anaconda/bin/jupyter-notebook ubuntu    5623  3921  0 17:10 ?        00:00:00 /home/ubuntu/anaconda/bin/pytho -m ipykernel -f /run/user/1000/jupyter/kernel-920cbd71-ac3a-4f17-bda1-4dec9571b2be.json ubuntu   27823  3921  0 17:53 ?        00:00:00 /home/ubuntu/anaconda/bin/pytho -m ipykernel -f /run/user/1000/jupyter/kernel-87d4bcea-dcec-4b5b-ba5a-cda3a466670f.json 

here's jupyter debug output:

ubuntu@ip-10-0-1-15:~$ jupyter notebook --debug [d 18:53:34.361 notebookapp] searching [u'/home/ubuntu', '/home/ubuntu/.jupyter', '/home/ubuntu/anaconda/etc/jupyter', '/usr/local/etc/jupyter', '/etc/jupyter'] config files [d 18:53:34.361 notebookapp] looking jupyter_config in /etc/jupyter [d 18:53:34.362 notebookapp] looking jupyter_config in /usr/local/etc/jupyter [d 18:53:34.362 notebookapp] looking jupyter_config in /home/ubuntu/anaconda/etc/jupyter [d 18:53:34.362 notebookapp] looking jupyter_config in /home/ubuntu/.jupyter [d 18:53:34.362 notebookapp] looking jupyter_config in /home/ubuntu [d 18:53:34.363 notebookapp] looking jupyter_notebook_config in /etc/jupyter [d 18:53:34.363 notebookapp] looking jupyter_notebook_config in /usr/local/etc/jupyter [d 18:53:34.363 notebookapp] looking jupyter_notebook_config in /home/ubuntu/anaconda/etc/jupyter [w 18:53:34.363 notebookapp] unrecognized json config file version, assuming version 1 [d 18:53:34.363 notebookapp] loaded config file: /home/ubuntu/anaconda/etc/jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.json [d 18:53:34.364 notebookapp] looking jupyter_notebook_config in /home/ubuntu/.jupyter [d 18:53:34.365 notebookapp] loaded config file: /home/ubuntu/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py [d 18:53:34.367 notebookapp] looking jupyter_notebook_config in /home/ubuntu [i 18:53:34.560 notebookapp] jupyterlab alpha preview extension loaded /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/jupyterlab [i 18:53:34.566 notebookapp] serving notebooks local directory: /home/ubuntu [i 18:53:34.566 notebookapp] 0 active kernels  [i 18:53:34.566 notebookapp] jupyter notebook running at: https://[all ip addresses on system]:8888/ [i 18:53:34.566 notebookapp] use control-c stop server , shut down kernels (twice skip confirmation). [d 18:53:57.888 notebookapp] 200 /api/sessions?_=1491587841443 (75.140.157.194) 1.57ms [w 18:53:57.958 notebookapp] /home/ubuntu/media doesn't exist [d 18:53:57.969 notebookapp] 200 /api/contents?type=directory&_=1491587841445 (75.140.157.194) 25.17ms [d 18:53:58.001 notebookapp] 200 /api/terminals?_=1491587841444 (75.140.157.194) 0.58ms [d 18:53:59.696 notebookapp] using contents: services/contents [d 18:53:59.710 notebookapp] path tree/js/main.min.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/tree/js/main.min.js [d 18:53:59.713 notebookapp] 200 /tree? (75.140.157.194) 17.81ms [d 18:53:59.779 notebookapp] 304 /api/terminals?_=1491587841439 (75.140.157.194) 0.92ms [w 18:53:59.818 notebookapp] /home/ubuntu/media doesn't exist [d 18:53:59.829 notebookapp] 200 /api/contents?type=directory&_=1491587841442 (75.140.157.194) 24.09ms [d 18:53:59.831 notebookapp] 304 /api/sessions?_=1491587841440 (75.140.157.194) 0.66ms [d 18:53:59.887 notebookapp] 304 /static/components/jquery-ui/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.min.css?v=9b2c8d3489227115310662a343fce11c (75.140.157.194) 0.66ms [d 18:53:59.889 notebookapp] path custom.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/custom/custom.js [d 18:53:59.889 notebookapp] 304 /custom/custom.js?v=20170407175642 (75.140.157.194) 0.82ms [d 18:53:59.902 notebookapp] 304 /static/style/style.min.css?v=974839a888beb55bbba87883fafd90fa (75.140.157.194) 0.55ms [d 18:53:59.909 notebookapp] 304 /api/config/tree?_=1491587841437 (75.140.157.194) 2.79ms [d 18:53:59.913 notebookapp] 304 /api/terminals?_=1491587841441 (75.140.157.194) 0.55ms [d 18:53:59.924 notebookapp] 304 /api/config/common?_=1491587841438 (75.140.157.194) 2.08ms [d 18:53:59.927 notebookapp] 304 /static/components/jquery-typeahead/dist/jquery.typeahead.min.css?v=7afb461de36accb1aa133a1710f5bc56 (75.140.157.194) 0.56ms [d 18:53:59.963 notebookapp] path custom.css served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/custom/custom.css [d 18:53:59.964 notebookapp] 304 /custom/custom.css (75.140.157.194) 0.75ms [d 18:53:59.964 notebookapp] 304 /static/components/requirejs/require.js?v=6da8be361b9ee26c5e721e76c6d4afce (75.140.157.194) 0.55ms [d 18:53:59.968 notebookapp] 304 /static/tree/js/main.min.js?v=320479929860ce657c3a4449582c3b84 (75.140.157.194) 0.54ms [d 18:53:59.969 notebookapp] 304 /static/components/es6-promise/promise.min.js?v=f004a16cb856e0ff11781d01ec5ca8fe (75.140.157.194) 0.55ms [d 18:53:59.974 notebookapp] 304 /static/base/images/logo.png?v=641991992878ee24c6f3826e81054a0f (75.140.157.194) 0.55ms [d 18:54:00.124 notebookapp] path services/contents.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/services/contents.js [d 18:54:00.125 notebookapp] 200 /static/services/contents.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 0.86ms [d 18:54:00.132 notebookapp] 200 /custom/custom.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 0.69ms [d 18:54:00.210 notebookapp] 200 /api/terminals?_=1491591240541 (75.140.157.194) 0.55ms [d 18:54:00.213 notebookapp] 200 /api/config/common?_=1491591240540 (75.140.157.194) 2.05ms [d 18:54:00.215 notebookapp] 200 /api/sessions?_=1491591240542 (75.140.157.194) 0.62ms [d 18:54:00.217 notebookapp] 200 /api/config/tree?_=1491591240539 (75.140.157.194) 2.03ms [d 18:54:00.219 notebookapp] 200 /api/terminals?_=1491591240543 (75.140.157.194) 0.59ms [d 18:54:00.248 notebookapp] path components/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/components/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff [d 18:54:00.248 notebookapp] 304 /static/components/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff?v=4.2.0 (75.140.157.194) 0.76ms [d 18:54:00.250 notebookapp] found kernel scala211 in /home/ubuntu/.local/share/jupyter/kernels [d 18:54:00.250 notebookapp] native kernel (python2) available /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/resources [d 18:54:00.250 notebookapp] found kernel scala211 in /home/ubuntu/.local/share/jupyter/kernels [d 18:54:00.251 notebookapp] native kernel (python2) available /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/resources [d 18:54:00.252 notebookapp] found kernel scala211 in /home/ubuntu/.local/share/jupyter/kernels [d 18:54:00.252 notebookapp] native kernel (python2) available /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/resources [d 18:54:00.253 notebookapp] 304 /api/kernelspecs (75.140.157.194) 4.23ms [w 18:54:00.286 notebookapp] /home/ubuntu/media doesn't exist [d 18:54:00.298 notebookapp] 200 /api/contents?type=directory&_=1491591240544 (75.140.157.194) 23.63ms [i 18:54:03.776 notebookapp] creating new notebook in  [d 18:54:03.778 notebookapp] saving /home/ubuntu/untitled4.ipynb [d 18:54:03.794 notebookapp] 201 post /api/contents (75.140.157.194) 19.05ms [d 18:54:03.939 notebookapp] using contents: services/contents [d 18:54:03.966 notebookapp] path components/bootstrap-tour/build/css/bootstrap-tour.min.css served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/components/bootstrap-tour/build/css/bootstrap-tour.min.css [d 18:54:03.967 notebookapp] path components/codemirror/lib/codemirror.css served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/components/codemirror/lib/codemirror.css [d 18:54:03.967 notebookapp] path notebook/css/override.css served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/notebook/css/override.css [d 18:54:03.967 notebookapp] path components/text-encoding/lib/encoding.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/components/text-encoding/lib/encoding.js [d 18:54:03.968 notebookapp] path notebook/js/main.min.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/notebook/js/main.min.js [d 18:54:03.972 notebookapp] 200 /notebooks/untitled4.ipynb?kernel_name=python2 (75.140.157.194) 33.64ms [d 18:54:04.142 notebookapp] path components/mathjax/mathjax.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/components/mathjax/mathjax.js [d 18:54:04.143 notebookapp] 304 /static/components/mathjax/mathjax.js?config=tex-ams_html-full,safe&delaystartupuntil=configured (75.140.157.194) 0.87ms [d 18:54:04.147 notebookapp] 304 /custom/custom.css (75.140.157.194) 0.57ms [d 18:54:04.207 notebookapp] path components/mathjax/config/tex-ams_html-full.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/components/mathjax/config/tex-ams_html-full.js [d 18:54:04.208 notebookapp] 304 /static/components/mathjax/config/tex-ams_html-full.js?rev=2.6.0 (75.140.157.194) 0.70ms [d 18:54:04.422 notebookapp] 304 /custom/custom.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 0.68ms [d 18:54:04.436 notebookapp] path components/mathjax/config/safe.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/components/mathjax/config/safe.js [d 18:54:04.436 notebookapp] 304 /static/components/mathjax/config/safe.js?rev=2.6.0 (75.140.157.194) 0.69ms [d 18:54:04.483 notebookapp] 200 /api/config/common?_=1491591244746 (75.140.157.194) 2.28ms [d 18:54:04.488 notebookapp] 200 /api/config/notebook?_=1491591244745 (75.140.157.194) 2.06ms [d 18:54:04.523 notebookapp] found kernel scala211 in /home/ubuntu/.local/share/jupyter/kernels [d 18:54:04.523 notebookapp] native kernel (python2) available /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/resources [d 18:54:04.523 notebookapp] found kernel scala211 in /home/ubuntu/.local/share/jupyter/kernels [d 18:54:04.523 notebookapp] native kernel (python2) available /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/resources [d 18:54:04.524 notebookapp] found kernel scala211 in /home/ubuntu/.local/share/jupyter/kernels [d 18:54:04.524 notebookapp] native kernel (python2) available /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/resources [d 18:54:04.525 notebookapp] 304 /api/kernelspecs (75.140.157.194) 2.63ms [d 18:54:04.591 notebookapp] 200 /api/contents/untitled4.ipynb?type=notebook&_=1491591244747 (75.140.157.194) 54.74ms [d 18:54:04.712 notebookapp] 200 /api/contents/untitled4.ipynb/checkpoints?_=1491591244748 (75.140.157.194) 0.75ms [d 18:54:04.761 notebookapp] found kernel scala211 in /home/ubuntu/.local/share/jupyter/kernels [d 18:54:04.761 notebookapp] native kernel (python2) available /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/resources [d 18:54:04.762 notebookapp] starting kernel: ['/home/ubuntu/anaconda/bin/python', '-m', 'ipykernel', '-f', u'/run/user/1000/jupyter/kernel-862a9a4c-3ee5-4958-87c1-e7464b4acc3d.json'] [d 18:54:04.767 notebookapp] connecting to: tcp://127.0.0.1:51686 [i 18:54:04.768 notebookapp] kernel started: 862a9a4c-3ee5-4958-87c1-e7464b4acc3d [d 18:54:04.768 notebookapp] kernel args: {'kernel_name': u'python2', 'cwd': u'/home/ubuntu'} [d 18:54:04.769 notebookapp] 201 post /api/sessions (75.140.157.194) 21.73ms [d 18:54:04.817 notebookapp] path notebook/js/extension.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/notebook/js/extension.js [d 18:54:04.818 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/notebook/js/extension.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 1.25ms [d 18:54:04.866 notebookapp] path components/mathjax/jax/output/html-css/fonts/stix-web/fontdata.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/components/mathjax/jax/output/html-css/fonts/stix-web/fontdata.js [d 18:54:04.867 notebookapp] 304 /static/components/mathjax/jax/output/html-css/fonts/stix-web/fontdata.js?rev=2.6.0 (75.140.157.194) 1.72ms [d 18:54:04.870 notebookapp] path components/mathjax/extensions/safe.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/components/mathjax/extensions/safe.js [d 18:54:04.871 notebookapp] 304 /static/components/mathjax/extensions/safe.js?rev=2.6.0 (75.140.157.194) 1.28ms [d 18:54:04.888 notebookapp] path widgets/js/init.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/init.js [d 18:54:04.890 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/init.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 2.06ms [d 18:54:04.893 notebookapp] path notebook/js/widgetarea.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/notebook/js/widgetarea.js [d 18:54:04.894 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/notebook/js/widgetarea.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 1.60ms [d 18:54:05.020 notebookapp] path widgets/js/manager.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/manager.js [d 18:54:05.021 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/manager.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 1.49ms [d 18:54:05.038 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget.js [d 18:54:05.039 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 1.13ms [d 18:54:05.039 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_link.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_link.js [d 18:54:05.040 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_link.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 0.96ms [d 18:54:05.045 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_box.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_box.js [d 18:54:05.045 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_box.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 0.99ms [d 18:54:05.049 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_bool.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_bool.js [d 18:54:05.050 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_bool.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 1.01ms [d 18:54:05.051 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_button.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_button.js [d 18:54:05.051 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_button.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 0.93ms [d 18:54:05.080 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_float.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_float.js [d 18:54:05.080 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_float.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 0.98ms [d 18:54:05.085 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_image.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_image.js [d 18:54:05.085 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_image.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 0.91ms [d 18:54:05.086 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_int.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_int.js [d 18:54:05.087 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_int.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 1.07ms [d 18:54:05.091 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_color.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_color.js [d 18:54:05.091 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_color.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 1.01ms [d 18:54:05.103 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_output.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_output.js [d 18:54:05.104 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_output.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 0.92ms [d 18:54:05.105 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_selection.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_selection.js [d 18:54:05.106 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_selection.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 1.17ms [d 18:54:05.118 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_selectioncontainer.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_selectioncontainer.js [d 18:54:05.119 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_selectioncontainer.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 1.06ms [d 18:54:05.123 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_string.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_string.js [d 18:54:05.124 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_string.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 1.08ms [d 18:54:05.135 notebookapp] path widgets/js/widget_controller.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/js/widget_controller.js [d 18:54:05.136 notebookapp] 200 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/js/widget_controller.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 1.03ms [d 18:54:05.148 notebookapp] path components/backbone/backbone-min.js served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/notebook/static/components/backbone/backbone-min.js [d 18:54:05.149 notebookapp] 200 /static/components/backbone/backbone-min.js?v=20170407185334 (75.140.157.194) 1.43ms [d 18:54:05.201 notebookapp] 200 /api/kernels/862a9a4c-3ee5-4958-87c1-e7464b4acc3d?_=1491591244749 (75.140.157.194) 0.92ms [d 18:54:05.219 notebookapp] path widgets/css/widgets.min.css served /home/ubuntu/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipywidgets/static/widgets/css/widgets.min.css [d 18:54:05.219 notebookapp] 304 /nbextensions/widgets/widgets/css/widgets.min.css (75.140.157.194) 0.90ms [d 18:54:06.444 notebookapp] 200 /api/kernels/862a9a4c-3ee5-4958-87c1-e7464b4acc3d?_=1491591244750 (75.140.157.194) 0.84ms [d 18:54:08.646 notebookapp] 200 /api/kernels/862a9a4c-3ee5-4958-87c1-e7464b4acc3d?_=1491591244751 (75.140.157.194) 0.91ms [d 18:54:12.851 notebookapp] 200 /api/kernels/862a9a4c-3ee5-4958-87c1-e7464b4acc3d?_=1491591244752 (75.140.157.194) 0.96ms [d 18:54:21.062 notebookapp] 200 /api/kernels/862a9a4c-3ee5-4958-87c1-e7464b4acc3d?_=1491591244753 (75.140.157.194) 0.94ms [d 18:54:37.277 notebookapp] 200 /api/kernels/862a9a4c-3ee5-4958-87c1-e7464b4acc3d?_=1491591244754 (75.140.157.194) 0.91ms [d 18:55:09.480 notebookapp] 200 /api/kernels/862a9a4c-3ee5-4958-87c1-e7464b4acc3d?_=1491591244755 (75.140.157.194) 1.00ms [d 18:56:04.946 notebookapp] 200 /api/contents/untitled4.ipynb?content=0&_=1491591244756 (75.140.157.194) 1.30ms [i 18:56:05.067 notebookapp] saving file @ /untitled4.ipynb [d 18:56:05.067 notebookapp] saving /home/ubuntu/untitled4.ipynb [d 18:56:05.079 notebookapp] 200 put /api/contents/untitled4.ipynb (75.140.157.194) 13.41ms [d 18:56:13.701 notebookapp] 200 /api/kernels/862a9a4c-3ee5-4958-87c1-e7464b4acc3d?_=1491591244757 (75.140.157.194) 1.06ms [d 18:58:04.975 notebookapp] 200 /api/contents/untitled4.ipynb?content=0&_=1491591244758 (75.140.157.194) 1.31ms [i 18:58:05.083 notebookapp] saving file @ /untitled4.ipynb [d 18:58:05.083 notebookapp] saving /home/ubuntu/untitled4.ipynb [d 18:58:05.097 notebookapp] 200 put /api/contents/untitled4.ipynb (75.140.157.194) 14.44ms